本文最后更新于 2024-10-17,文章内容可能已经过时。

React 中级阶段学习计划

目标

  • 掌握状态管理和路由。
  • 能够调用API并处理异步数据。
  • 学会使用CSS-in-JS和CSS Modules进行样式处理。

学习内容

状态管理

React Context API

  • Context API:用于在组件树中传递数据,避免多层props传递。
  • 示例
    import React, { createContext, useContext, useState } from 'react';
    
    // 创建Context
    const ThemeContext = createContext();
    
    // 提供者组件
    function ThemeProvider({ children }) {
      const [theme, setTheme] = useState('light');
    
      const toggleTheme = () => {
        setTheme((prevTheme) => (prevTheme === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light'));
      };
    
      return (
        <ThemeContext.Provider value={{ theme, toggleTheme }}>
          {children}
        </ThemeContext.Provider>
      );
    }
    
    // 消费者组件
    function App() {
      const { theme, toggleTheme } = useContext(ThemeContext);
    
      return (
        <div style={{ background: theme === 'light' ? '#fff' : '#333', color: theme === 'light' ? '#000' : '#fff' }}>
          <h1>Current Theme: {theme}</h1>
          <button onClick={toggleTheme}>Toggle Theme</button>
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    function Root() {
      return (
        <ThemeProvider>
          <App />
        </ThemeProvider>
      );
    }
    
    export default Root;
    

Redux

  • Redux:一个用于管理应用状态的库,适用于大型应用。
  • 安装
    npm install redux react-redux
    
  • 示例
    import React from 'react';
    import { createStore } from 'redux';
    import { Provider, useSelector, useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
    
    // Reducer
    const counterReducer = (state = { count: 0 }, action) => {
      switch (action.type) {
        case 'INCREMENT':
          return { ...state, count: state.count + 1 };
        case 'DECREMENT':
          return { ...state, count: state.count - 1 };
        default:
          return state;
      }
    };
    
    // Store
    const store = createStore(counterReducer);
    
    // Action Creators
    const increment = () => ({ type: 'INCREMENT' });
    const decrement = () => ({ type: 'DECREMENT' });
    
    // Component
    function Counter() {
      const count = useSelector((state) => state.count);
      const dispatch = useDispatch();
    
      return (
        <div>
          <p>Count: {count}</p>
          <button onClick={() => dispatch(increment())}>Increment</button>
          <button onClick={() => dispatch(decrement())}>Decrement</button>
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    function App() {
      return (
        <Provider store={store}>
          <Counter />
        </Provider>
      );
    }
    
    export default App;
    

路由

React Router

  • React Router:用于在React应用中实现页面导航。
  • 安装
    npm install react-router-dom
    
  • 示例
    import React from 'react';
    import { BrowserRouter as Router, Route, Switch, Link } from 'react-router-dom';
    
    // 页面组件
    function Home() {
      return <h2>Home</h2>;
    }
    
    function About() {
      return <h2>About</h2>;
    }
    
    function Contact() {
      return <h2>Contact</h2>;
    }
    
    // 主组件
    function App() {
      return (
        <Router>
          <div>
            <nav>
              <ul>
                <li><Link to="/">Home</Link></li>
                <li><Link to="/about">About</Link></li>
                <li><Link to="/contact">Contact</Link></li>
              </ul>
            </nav>
    
            <Switch>
              <Route path="/" exact component={Home} />
              <Route path="/about" component={About} />
              <Route path="/contact" component={Contact} />
            </Switch>
          </div>
        </Router>
      );
    }
    
    export default App;
    

API调用

使用fetch和axios

  • fetch:浏览器内置的API调用方法。
  • axios:一个基于Promise的HTTP客户端,支持浏览器和Node.js。
  • 安装axios
    npm install axios
    
  • 示例
    import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
    import axios from 'axios';
    
    function FetchData() {
      const [data, setData] = useState(null);
    
      useEffect(() => {
        axios.get('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts')
          .then(response => {
            setData(response.data);
          })
          .catch(error => {
            console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
          });
      }, []);
    
      return (
        <div>
          <h1>Data from API</h1>
          {data ? (
            <ul>
              {data.map(item => (
                <li key={item.id}>{item.title}</li>
              ))}
            </ul>
          ) : (
            <p>Loading...</p>
          )}
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default FetchData;
    

样式处理

CSS-in-JS

  • styled-components:一个流行的CSS-in-JS库。
  • 安装
    npm install styled-components
    
  • 示例
    import React from 'react';
    import styled from 'styled-components';
    
    const Button = styled.button`
      background-color: ${props => props.primary ? 'blue' : 'white'};
      color: ${props => props.primary ? 'white' : 'black'};
      padding: 10px 20px;
      border: none;
      border-radius: 5px;
      cursor: pointer;
    `;
    
    function App() {
      return (
        <div>
          <Button primary>Primary Button</Button>
          <Button>Secondary Button</Button>
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default App;
    

CSS Modules

  • CSS Modules:允许你编写局部作用域的CSS。
  • 示例
    // Button.module.css
    .button {
      background-color: white;
      color: black;
      padding: 10px 20px;
      border: none;
      border-radius: 5px;
      cursor: pointer;
    }
    
    .primary {
      background-color: blue;
      color: white;
    }
    
    // Button.js
    import React from 'react';
    import styles from './Button.module.css';
    
    function Button({ primary, children }) {
      return (
        <button className={`${styles.button} ${primary ? styles.primary : ''}`}>
          {children}
        </button>
      );
    }
    
    export default Button;
    
    // App.js
    import React from 'react';
    import Button from './Button';
    
    function App() {
      return (
        <div>
          <Button primary>Primary Button</Button>
          <Button>Secondary Button</Button>
        </div>
      );
    }
    
    export default App;
    

实践项目

待办事项列表

  1. 创建项目
    npx create-react-app todo-list
    cd todo-list
    npm start
    
  2. 创建组件
    • TodoForm.js:添加待办事项的表单
      import React, { useState } from 'react';
      
      function TodoForm({ addTodo }) {
        const [value, setValue] = useState('');
      
        const handleSubmit = (e) => {
          e.preventDefault();
          if (!value) return;
          addTodo(value);
          setValue('');
        };
      
        return (
          <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
            <input
              type="text"
              className="input"
              value={value}
              onChange={(e) => setValue(e.target.value)}
              placeholder="Add a new task"
            />
            <button type="submit" className="button">Add</button>
          </form>
        );
      }
      
      export default TodoForm;
      
    • TodoList.js:显示待办事项列表
      import React from 'react';
      
      function TodoList({ todos, removeTodo }) {
        return (
          <div>
            {todos.map((todo, index) => (
              <div key={index} className="todo">
                <span>{todo}</span>
                <button onClick={() => removeTodo(index)}>Delete</button>
              </div>
            ))}
          </div>
        );
      }
      
      export default TodoList;
      
    • App.js:主组件
      import React, { useState } from 'react';
      import TodoForm from './TodoForm';
      import TodoList from './TodoList';
      
      function App() {
        const [todos, setTodos] = useState([]);
      
        const addTodo = (text) => {
          const newTodos = [...todos, text];
          setTodos(newTodos);
        };
      
        const removeTodo = (index) => {
          const newTodos = [...todos];
          newTodos.splice(index, 1);
          setTodos(newTodos);
        };
      
        return (
          <div className="app">
            <div className="todo-list">
              <h1>Todo List</h1>
              <TodoForm addTodo={addTodo} />
              <TodoList todos={todos} removeTodo={removeTodo} />
            </div>
          </div>
        );
      }
      
      export default App;
      

电子商务网站

  1. 创建项目
    npx create-react-app ecommerce
    cd ecommerce
    npm start
    
  2. 安装axios
    npm install axios
    
  3. 创建组件
    • ProductList.js:显示产品列表
      import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
      import axios from 'axios';
      
      function ProductList() {
        const [products, setProducts] = useState([]);
      
        useEffect(() => {
          axios.get('https://fakestoreapi.com/products')
            .then(response => {
              setProducts(response.data);
            })
            .catch(error => {
              console.error('Error fetching products:', error);
            });
        }, []);
      
        return (
          <div className="product-list">
            {products.map(product => (
              <div key={product.id} className="product">
                <img src={product.image} alt={product.title} />
                <h3>{product.title}</h3>
                <p>${product.price}</p>
              </div>
            ))}
          </div>
        );
      }
      
      export default ProductList;
      
    • App.js:主组件
      import React from 'react';
      import ProductList from './ProductList';
      
      function App() {
        return (
          <div className="App">
            <h1>E-commerce Website</h1>
            <ProductList />
          </div>
        );
      }
      
      export default App;
      

建议

  • 定期回顾:每周花时间回顾本周所学内容,确保知识点牢固掌握。
  • 参与社区:加入React相关的论坛、Slack群组或Discord服务器,与其他开发者交流心得。
  • 阅读源码:尝试阅读一些简单的React库的源码,提高代码理解和分析能力。

希望这个学习计划能够帮助你系统地学习React中级技能,并通过实践项目巩固所学知识。祝你学习顺利!


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